IBM · Filed Apr 30, 2025 · Published Nov 5, 2026

IBM Files Patent for Pain Treatment Matched to Sleep, Mood and Activity Patterns

Ask a doctor about chronic pain and you usually get one number from one to ten. IBM's patent application describes a system that looks at your sleep, mood, movement and medication instead, then suggests a treatment to match.

A hospital patient wearing sensors while an IV machine automatically delivers pain medicine. Drawing from patent filing US 2026/0351374 A1.
A hospital patient wearing sensors while an IV machine automatically delivers pain medicine.
See all 14 drawings from this filing ↓
Publication number US 2026/0351374 A1 US20260351374A1
Applicant International Business Machines Corporation
Filing date Apr 30, 2025
Publication date Nov 5, 2026
Inventors Jenna Reinen, Carla Paola Agurto Rios, Guillermo Cecchi, Jeffrey L. Rogers, Erhan Bilal
US classification 702/19
Status when we published Waiting for an examiner (May 30, 2025)
Document 20 claims

What IBM's pain-state sorting actually does

Every time a doctor asks you to rate your pain from one to ten, a whole day of living gets squeezed into a single number. It leaves out how badly you slept, how foggy your head feels, and whether you skipped your usual walk.

IBM's patent application describes a way to look at all of that together. It gathers answers from questionnaires, clinician notes and wearables like smartwatches, then lets software sort patients into groups who look alike. Each group is checked against an independent measure, such as a quality-of-life survey, and labeled from best to worst pain state.

A new patient is matched to the closest group, and the system suggests a treatment that fits that group. In one version, it could even tell a drug pump when to deliver a dose.

From the filing · CLAIM 1
obtaining pain metrics for a plurality of patients, wherein the pain metrics comprise values for a plurality of dimensions that are each indicative of health outcomes …

Translation: The system collects various health measurements from many patients to evaluate their overall well-being.

How IBM groups patients and checks the groups

The claims cover a three-part method. First, collect "pain metrics" for many patients across several dimensions: mood, activity, medication use, sleep, alertness, analgesia (the patient's own sense of how much pain they feel), and readings from a wearable sensor such as heart rate or step count. The scores are put on a common scale so they can be compared.

Second, the scores go into a clustering model (software that finds groups of similar patients without being told in advance what to look for). The filing's example uses five clusters. The system finds the center of each cluster, called a centroid, measures how far it sits from a "no pain" reference point, and ranks the clusters.

Third, those rankings are checked against independent health measures, such as quality-of-life scores from a clinician or from language software that reads patients' written answers. Verified clusters become labeled pain states, from best to worst.

A new patient's data is then matched to the closest cluster, and a treatment is indicated for that state. The claims mention a drug schedule or dosage amount, and a drug delivery device that gives it automatically. The description also covers tracking a patient over time, so help can come when they slip from a good state to a middling one.

Why a 1-to-10 pain score may not be enough

If you live with chronic pain, the practical question is whether your care reflects how you are really doing. A one-to-ten score from a short appointment can miss poor sleep, low mood or a drop in daily activity, all of which the filing says are tied to pain. A system that watches those signals could give your clinician a fuller picture and might flag a decline before it becomes severe.

For IBM, this is a healthcare data play: take messy patient information from phones, watches and notes, and turn it into a label a clinician can act on. The filing is a method, with no mention of a finished product or clinical results, so it shows an approach rather than a tool you could use today.

IBM's second filing we've tracked in our wearables and body signals watchlist since August follows their earlier brain signals linked to search application.

Editorial take

Chronic pain is a problem most people have felt firsthand or watched in someone close to them, and the way it gets measured is thin. One number from one to ten, given in a short visit, can steer decisions about strong drugs. The filing aims at that gap, and the aim is sound.

Pulling in sleep, mood and daily movement from a watch fits the size of the problem, because those are the things that change how pain feels from one day to the next. The most useful detail is acting when a patient slips from a good state to a middling one, before it turns bad.

The reach is where it gets ambitious. Handing dose changes to a pump asks a lot of software that groups patients by similarity, and the filing offers no results showing better outcomes. As a way to give clinicians a fuller picture, it fits the problem. As an autopilot for medication, it would need far more proof.

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The drawings

14 drawing sheets from US 2026/0351374 A1 · click any drawing to enlarge

Cloud servers and network systems that evaluate health records, drawing sheet 1 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 1 Cloud servers and network systems that evaluate health records
Software tools that sort patient data and suggest care, drawing sheet 2 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 2 Software tools that sort patient data and suggest care
A wearable fitness tracker that feeds data to drug pumps, drawing sheet 3 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 3 A wearable fitness tracker that feeds data to drug pumps
Charting how pain relief connects with mood and sleep, drawing sheet 4 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 4 Charting how pain relief connects with mood and sleep
Comparing measured pain levels against daily life surveys, drawing sheet 5 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 5 Comparing measured pain levels against daily life surveys
Grouping patient records into separate health categories, drawing sheet 6 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 6 Grouping patient records into separate health categories
Mapping different patient profiles across five health traits, drawing sheet 7 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 7 Mapping different patient profiles across five health traits
Matching each patient cluster to an overall disability score, drawing sheet 8 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 8 Matching each patient cluster to an overall disability score
Show the other 6 sheets
Patient mood ratings mapped along different health states, drawing sheet 9 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 9 Patient mood ratings mapped along different health states
Collecting complex health information from a smartphone, drawing sheet 10 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 10 Collecting complex health information from a smartphone
Grouping patient health measurements into five distinct categories, drawing sheet 11 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 11 Grouping patient health measurements into five distinct categories
Tracking daily changes in pain scores over time, drawing sheet 12 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 12 Tracking daily changes in pain scores over time
Checking multidimensional data patterns against doctor ratings, drawing sheet 13 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 13 Checking multidimensional data patterns against doctor ratings
Steps for analyzing patient health data to deliver treatment, drawing sheet 14 from US 2026/0351374 A1
Sheet 14 Steps for analyzing patient health data to deliver treatment
Browse all the drawings 14 drawing sheets
Patent filing page

Source. Full patent text and figures from the official USPTO publication PDF.
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