Qualcomm · Filed Apr 23, 2025 · Published Oct 29, 2026

A New Qualcomm Patent Has Your Phone Decide Which AI Questions Need the Cloud

Your phone could decide, question by question, whether its own small AI is good enough or whether the answer needs a bigger model in the cloud. Qualcomm's patent application describes a small router that makes that call before anything is answered.

A smart device with cameras and microphones decides whether to answer a question on the gadget itself or send it to remote servers. Drawing from patent filing US 2026/0340513 A1.
A smart device with cameras and microphones decides whether to answer a question on the gadget itself or send it to remote servers.
See all 12 drawings from this filing ↓
Publication number US 2026/0340513 A1 US20260340513A1
Applicant QUALCOMM Incorporated
Filing date Apr 23, 2025
Publication date Oct 29, 2026
Inventors Amir JALALIRAD, Bence MAJOR, Arash BEHBOODI, Arvind Vardarajan SANTHANAM, Amr Mamoun MARTINI, Anantharaman BALASUBRAMANIAN
US classification 706/12
Status when we published Waiting for an examiner (May 18, 2025)
Document 20 claims

What Qualcomm's on-phone AI router actually does

Today, an AI chatbot writes its answer one word at a time, and every single word takes a full trip through a huge model. That is why the biggest models live in data centers, while your phone carries a smaller one that can handle fewer kinds of questions. Send everything to the cloud and you wait on the round trip. Keep everything on the phone and you get more wrong answers.

Qualcomm's patent adds a small router, a traffic cop that runs on your phone and reads each question first. If the on-device model can probably handle it, the phone answers by itself. If not, the question goes to a bigger model elsewhere. In one example in the filing, a stock-price lookup stays on the phone.

The goal is to use the small model whenever it is good enough, and the big one only when it earns the extra cost.

From the filing · CLAIM 1
… select, based on the input prompt and using a trained router machine learning model configured to execute on the edge device, whether to process the input prompt using a first machine learning model or a second machine learning model …

Translation: The phone uses a smart router model to decide whether to handle a prompt locally or send it elsewhere.

How the router grades a question before answering

The core claim covers a router, itself a trained machine learning model, that runs on the edge device (a phone, tablet or laptop). For each prompt, it chooses between a smaller model on the device and a larger one, typically in the cloud. The device then answers locally or forwards the prompt.

To train the router, the filing runs test questions through both models and labels each one by which model got it right. A question the small model flubbed gets labeled “cloud.” At work time, the router squeezes the prompt into one summary using pooling (combining per-word numbers into a single set) and outputs a confidence score: its guess that the small model will get it right. Below a threshold, the prompt goes to the cloud.

The filing also describes ranking prompts by complexity, based on how many tool calls (requests to other apps or services) an answer needs, and choosing the smallest model that clears a quality bar.

In one variation, the router shares the first layers of the small model and adds low rank adaptation (a lightweight tweak) to save compute. In the filing's tests, sending about 25 to 30 percent of questions to the cloud recovered roughly 85 percent of the quality gap.

From the filing · THE ABSTRACT
The second machine learning model has a larger size than the first machine learning model.

Translation: The second model is much bigger than the first one.

Why your phone's AI could get faster and cheaper

If this works the way the filing describes, you would mostly notice speed. Simple questions, like a stock price or a quick fact, could be answered on your phone without waiting on a trip to a data center, while only the hard ones pay that delay. The filing also points to lower energy use and less strain on the phone's memory and processors.

For Qualcomm, which makes the phone chips the filing describes (a processor with a built-in AI unit), the idea fits a phone that does more of the work itself. It matters to whoever runs the big model, too: every question handled on the phone is one the data center never has to process.

This is the tenth Qualcomm filing we've tracked in our AI models working in teams since July, adding to work like the text draft control one and the photo model picker.

Editorial take

Of everything in this filing, the router is the part closest to a shippable feature, because it is software. It needs no new chip: the description lists an ordinary phone processor with a built-in AI unit as the place it runs. What has to exist first is a small model on the phone and a bigger one in the cloud, and that pairing is already a familiar setup.

The slow part is the homework. The router learns from test questions that were run through both models and graded, and the filing's tests mostly check whether a model picked the right tool and the right details. Grading open-ended chat answers is harder, and the filing does not show that case.

Verdict: a practical idea that looks close to ready. Its payoff depends on how little the router itself costs to run, which is exactly what the shared-layers version tries to shrink.

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The drawings

12 drawing sheets from US 2026/0340513 A1 · click any drawing to enlarge

How the phone splits AI tasks with the cloud, drawing sheet 1 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 1 How the phone splits AI tasks with the cloud
Keeping a simple AI question entirely on the phone, drawing sheet 2 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 2 Keeping a simple AI question entirely on the phone
Sending a complex shopping question off to cloud servers, drawing sheet 3 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 3 Sending a complex shopping question off to cloud servers
Training the phone AI to recognize which questions need help, drawing sheet 4 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 4 Training the phone AI to recognize which questions need help
Smart query routing quickly reaches near perfect accuracy, drawing sheet 5 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 5 Smart query routing quickly reaches near perfect accuracy
Comparing performance across several different routing AI sizes, drawing sheet 6 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 6 Comparing performance across several different routing AI sizes
Why an AI router works better than basic rules, drawing sheet 7 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 7 Why an AI router works better than basic rules
Testing different ways to score and direct queries, drawing sheet 8 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 8 Testing different ways to score and direct queries
Show the other 4 sheets
A separate on-device AI decides whether to call the cloud, drawing sheet 9 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 9 A separate on-device AI decides whether to call the cloud
Sharing parts of the phone AI to sort questions faster, drawing sheet 10 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 10 Sharing parts of the phone AI to sort questions faster
How the phone chooses between local and cloud AI, drawing sheet 11 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 11 How the phone chooses between local and cloud AI
Hardware inside a phone that sorts and answers AI requests, drawing sheet 12 from US 2026/0340513 A1
Sheet 12 Hardware inside a phone that sorts and answers AI requests
Browse all the drawings 12 drawing sheets
Patent filing page

Source. Full patent text and figures from the official USPTO publication PDF.
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